Which way Bihar will vote?

 Voting in Bihar for the first phase of the election on 121 seats is sealed in EVMs. The voter turnout was highest ever in last 20 years, or may be highest ever – close to 65%, a good about 13% higher than in 2020.

The electors’ mood at this stage often provides early signals, yet Bihar’s political landscape is anything but linear. The state has historically oscillated between coalitions, leaders, and narratives, guided as much by social coalitions and caste configurations as by development expectations and leadership credibility.

The 2024 General Election Swing — A Strong Signal

In the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, Bihar saw a dramatic reversal. The Mahagathbandhan (RJD–Congress–Left), which had won 61 seats in the 2020 Assembly elections, was reduced to just 25 seats in parliamentary terms. This was a remarkable swing towards the NDA, led by BJP and Nitish Kumar’s JD(U).

However, Bihar voters have shown a known pattern:

General elections → Vote on national leadership (Modi factor)

Assembly elections → Vote on local governance, caste arithmetic, and delivery

This partly explains why in the region voted today, electors may have preferred the NDA in Lok Sabha polls but remained equivocal in the last Assembly election.

But highest voter turnout in last 20 years, particularly, as reported, women who came out in larger number to vote than did men, could mean stamp on incumbent government, given Rs. 10000/- each transferred to 25 lakhs women by Nitish Kumar under Mukhyamantri Mahila Rozgar Yojana.

Or is it to boot him out? To give Chance to Tejashwi Yadav who has promised one government job per family in case Mahagathbandhan (grand alliance of opposition) elected to the office.  Though fiscal calculation makes such promise impossible to fulfill. But that reality never dawns on masses who suffer from lack of job opportunity forcing them to migrate away from families and keep them in perpetual poverty.  For them, prospect of even distant possibilities of getting jobs in government is something to worth taking chance and vote for the party promising it.

Historically, higher turnout correlates with anti-incumbency. Higher turnout changes outcomes when it brings into the electorate groups that previously stayed home—often the poor, youth, women, first-time voters, rural voters, and politically unaligned citizens. These groups are less predictable and often vote for change, not continuity. Globally as well, higher voter participation points to a same pattern in most cases.

But in India, several logical explanations apply to figure out the impact of higher voter turnout due to caste-mobilization, booth-level organization, and large rural electorates.

Logic 1: Higher Turnout = Anti-Incumbency (Most Common)

• 2014 Lok Sabha: Turnout highest in 30 years → Strong anti-incumbency → UPA lost power.
• 2017 UP Assembly: Higher turnout in rural/youth pockets → Shift to BJP.

Logic 2: High Turnout reinforcing Incumbency (When enthusiasm favors ruling party

If the incumbent has:

• Strong welfare delivery (DBT, food security, Ujjwala, health insurance)
• Strong leader appeal – (Modi phenomenon)
• Weak fragmented opposition (this is the prevailing situation in India)

Then higher turnout can help the incumbent.

• 2019 Lok Sabha: Extremely high turnout, yet NDA returned stronger because turnout surge came from beneficiaries + nationalist sentiment and popular leadership appeal of Modi.

 

Logic 3: Women Turnout Rising = Stability / Pro-Incumbency

Recent elections show:

• Higher women turnout tends to support leaders promising welfare stability, not agitation-based change.
• Example: Bihar 2020, MP 2023, Odisha and West Bengal patterns.

Logic 4: Impact Depends on Who Turnout More

A. Youth Surge

• Tends to disrupt status quo
• Often votes on aspiration, jobs, identity

B. Poor / Welfare Beneficiaries Surge

• Tends to support party delivering visible benefits

C. Women Surge

• Determines result in swing states (Bihar, MP, Odisha)
• More influenced by welfare, safety, and cash-transfer benefits

D. Urban Middle-Class Surge

• More issue-driven, can swing toward strong leadership or stability messaging

Now if you apply above logic to higher voter turn out in the first phase of the Bihar assembly election, we can deduce the following:

1.) Anti-incumbency factor – more likely – particularly for incumbent CM Nitish Kumar for his lust to remain in the seat. Nitish Kumar’s triple shifting of alliances— NDA → Mahagathbandhan → NDA again — has created a trust gap among certain voter groups, especially youth and non-core JD(U) voters. If we go by media reports and political commentariat, to one segment, he appears pragmatic and seasoned, while to others, he appears power-driven and ideologically rootless.

The “fatigue factor” with Nitish is visible — but the question is: does it translate into votes against him or just reduced enthusiasm?

My ruling is reduced enthusiasm meaning dent in JD(U) tally in comparison to the 2020.

2,) High turnout reinforces incumbency, particularly when enthusiasm favours ruling party - there is no evidence on ground of any such enthusiasm for either ruling party or incumbent chief minister.  But that does not necessarily mean the vote against ruling alliance, particularly the BJP as an alliance partner seen as the stable, single-anchor force, the national development guarantor, and the long-term alternative to both Nitish- and Lalu-era politics.

My ruling is that the loss of seats by JD(U) would go to both BJP and RJD, not all to BJP

3.) Women Turnout rising – usually indicate that they were driven out following cash handout just before the announcement of elections.  Or May in the hope of their men in family getting jobs in government as promised by Tejashwi. 

My ruling is again both BJP and RJD getting equal share of women votes.

4.) Youth and Urban middle-class – There is no report of surge in youth or urban middle-class voting in the first phase as election commission has yet to release data. But media has not reported any surge in either.  The surge in youth voters usually suggest vote for change and the middle-class usually vote for status-quo.

My ruling is that both categories voted for stats-quo with youth voting might slightly have aligned to RJD.

Committed vote base

Both alliances – NDA-led alliance with BJP, JD (U), Chirag Paswan’s Lok Janshakti Party and Jitan Ram Manjhi’s Hindustan Awam Morcha and RJD-led Mahagathbandhan have both between 32 and 34 percent of committed vote base.  Nitish Kumar enjoys loyal support from non-Muslim Extremely Backward Classes while BJP has committed support amongst upper caste blocs – Brahmins, Rajputs, Kshatriyas, and Bhumihars. Recently, it has broadened its outreach to non-Yadav OBCs and EBCs by appointing leaders from these groups.  Together with Paswan’s and Manjhi’s vote base, the NDA sits pretty at around 32% of committed voters. While RJD-led alliance enjoys loyal support from major chunks from Muslims and Yadav which together makes for 30%. Adding to it the Congress support base amongst some amongst upper caste, OBC sub-groups and urban voters the Mahagathbandhan also borders around the 32% of loyal voters.

That leaves around 6 to 8 percentage votes needed to go past the goal post.

New party in the ring – Prashant Kishor’s Jan Suraj Party.  In Bihar’s political pool, no wildcard entry could ever create any ripple. So, it is likely to be a non-starter.

In my opinion, the race is tight. It could go either way. A marginal shift in loyalties, which way the 52 constituencies which went down to wire in the2020 elections will vote, and who has been preferred by the majority of women voters will be the determining factor.

Unless

There is simmering anger among the people of Bihar for their state being left behind on the development curve while UP, MP and Rajasthan which were once clubbed with Bihar as BIMARU (backward) states have broken the club and have made significant progress in economic, industrial, and human development index. All three governed by BJP.

If that factor plays out, NDA could win a thumping majority with BJP emerging as single largest party in alliance. Likely? Wait until November 14

Manifesting a Better Bharat with AI – some thoughts

India today stands at the threshold of a historic transformation, empowered by the strength of its digital revolution. With more than 950 million internet users, the country represents the second-largest online population in the world. Over 95 percent of India’s nearly 665,000 villages are now connected to the internet, ensuring that digital inclusion reaches deep into rural communities and bridges the urban–rural divide. Equally significant is the gender balance of India’s digital landscape, where women comprise nearly 47 percent of total users, making it one of the most inclusive digital ecosystems globally.

The scale of connectivity is matched by unparalleled data consumption and utilization. On average, every smartphone user in India consumes nearly 32 GB of data per month—among the highest levels worldwide. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI), India’s homegrown digital payments backbone, has redefined the future of finance by recording 650 million daily transactions, surpassing Visa’s 639 million daily transactions and establishing itself as the largest real-time payments system in the world. At the same time, India’s digital culture is thriving, with more than 491 million social media users shaping conversations and influencing trends, while the country’s OTT entertainment market, already serving 547 million users, is projected to grow to 650 million active users in the near future.

This vast and ever-expanding digital ecosystem is more than a story of numbers—it is a unique national asset. The depth, diversity, and democratization of datasets being generated in India every day provide the foundation for building artificial intelligence and deep technology solutions at scale. With this unparalleled data advantage, India is poised not only to transform its own economy but also to emerge as a global hub of AI innovation, where technology serves as a multiplier for inclusive growth, productivity, and competitiveness.

As Claude Smadja, former Managing Director of the World Economic Forum, has insightfully remarked, India’s unique superiority in data and big data has placed it at an inflection point, ready to accelerate technological innovation and potentially deliver the world’s next big surprise.

With its massive digital footprint, youthful talent pool, and culture of innovation, India is well positioned to manifest a better Bharat—one where AI and deep tech are harnessed to empower people, strengthen industries, and shape the future of global technology leadership.

With its abundance of data, a tech-savvy talent pool, and a robust startup culture, India is uniquely positioned to leapfrog into the next generation of artificial intelligence and quantum technologies. What is required is not just vision but also an enabling ecosystem—comprising forward-looking policies, sustainable funding channels, and an affordable research and development framework—that can convert this potential into global leadership.

India today stands at a vantage point to offer solutions across every sphere of human activity—economic, political, governance, business, industry, social development, and livelihoods. The Government of India has already taken notable steps in this direction through initiatives such as the National Quantum Mission, India AI Mission 2030 and the launch of AIKosha, an India AI compute platform and other AI initiatives on IndiaAI Mission anniversary to enable India’s AI research and innovation ecosystem. Yet, in the rapidly evolving technology landscape, speed is of the essence. Without swift execution, India risks once again lagging behind, while the rest of the world capitalizes on opportunities born out of technological and data superiority.

To secure its leadership, India must take bold and practical steps As talent is no longer restricted to metro cities,  the strategy should include establishing AI and quantum sandboxes not just in metro cities but also in tier-two cities, creating test-beds where innovators, startups, and academic researchers can experiment, validate, and scale solutions. Equally important is the formulation of adaptive policies that encourage safe and rapid deployment of AI across sectors—from healthcare and agriculture to logistics and manufacturing.

The transition to an AI-driven economy must also be inclusive. That means prioritizing training and reskilling programs, particularly for the MSME sector, which forms the backbone of India’s economy. By equipping entrepreneurs and workers with AI-ready skills, India can ensure that smaller businesses do not get left behind in the technology wave. In parallel, a national awareness campaign must be launched to address widespread fears about AI-related job losses. The narrative should highlight that while AI will automate certain processes, human intervention, creativity, judgment, and emotional intelligence will remain indispensable, and new categories of jobs will emerge in the process.

By combining speed, inclusivity, and innovation, India can convert its digital and data advantage into a defining leadership role in the global AI and quantum era—manifesting a Better Bharat and shaping a better future for the world.

Indian enterprises have made impressive strides in various AI applications rolled out by startups.  These AI startups span across sectors like healthcare, MSME-focused, analytics, finance, Agritech, infrastructure, conversational, entertainment, education, social good, and so on. 

While AI startups milieu is promising, their growth is impeded by high computing costs, inadequate funding, fragmented and inaccessibility of data, lack of a comprehensive AI regulatory framework balancing innovation, ethics, and security, unclear policies on data governance, cross-border data flows and intellectual property, slow adoption among MSMEs, and persistent fears around job losses make AI adoption politically and socially sensitive. Further, the limited digital readiness in smaller enterprises delays scaling of AI solutions beyond large corporates, and Intense competition from established global players adds pressure on Indian startups to innovate rapidly while navigating local ecosystem challenges.

Towards Indigenous Base Models for India

At present, much of India’s AI development rests on foreign base models and digital platforms. This dependency restricts India’s ability to shape the direction of technological innovation in line with its own priorities. The need of the hour is to develop indigenous foundational AI platforms—large-scale systems built and trained with Indian data, designed around local requirements, and governed by national interests.

By owning such foundational capacity, India would not only reduce strategic vulnerabilities but also gain the autonomy to set ethical, economic, and security benchmarks that resonate with its developmental goals. The shift from dependence on imported base models to the creation of “Made in India” foundation models is not merely a technological ambition—it is a strategic, economic, and societal imperative.

For a nation with unparalleled data diversity, a vast digital footprint, and one of the world’s largest pools of digital talent, the natural progression is clear: to shape an AI future designed for Bharat, powered by Bharat, and shared with the world.

India has not yet produced global brands on par with the West, but it is uniquely positioned to give the world AI solutions across sectors—agriculture, healthcare, education, manufacturing, and governance—and to lead the charge into Industry 4.0. By quickly leveraging its data superiority, digital inclusion, and demographic advantage, India can manifest a better Bharat with AI, and in doing so, contribute to building a better world for all.

 

 

From Emerging to Influential: India’s Rise Under Modi

 Eleven years of reforms have reshaped India’s economy and global standing. The next frontier: building a strong, self-reliant military and raising education standards to unlock India’s demographic potential.

Even the most ardent critic of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his government will, albeit grudgingly, acknowledge that the last eleven years have witnessed impressive progress across multiple domains. From a country that was once merely pointed out on the map or referenced in discussions as the “second-most populous after China,” India today commands respect as a nation with real clout and a strong, independent voice in the global comity of nations.

This was the purpose Narendra Modi worked towards from the very day he took oath as the 14th Prime Minister of India, on May 26, 2014. Assertive and strategic diplomacy has been one of the defining hallmarks of the Modi government. India today is not merely a participant in global forums—it is helping shape them.

Only those who have had the privilege of knowing and closely interacting with Prime Minister Modi truly understand the depth of his vision—how far into the future he plans, how high he sets his goals, and how tirelessly he works while inspiring and pushing others to achieve those goals. Members of the IMC delegation who met him in January 2012 sensed this first-hand, gaining insight into his forward-looking thinking and his CEO-style approach to governance. His pioneering initiatives in Gujarat—such as the Bus Rapid Transport System, uninterrupted power supply, the transformation of the Sabarmati Riverfront, efficient irrigation systems, and the creation of a global brand for Gujarat—set new benchmarks and made Gujarat a model of development for other states to follow. Similarly, as Prime Minister, elevating India’s global profile was a clear priority for him from the outset, because as an astute leader, he understood that India’s rise on the world stage would be essential for realizing its broader national aspirations—including the ambitious vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047.

The achievements of the Modi government over the past eleven years are there for all to see. It has undertaken several far-reaching reforms—social and economic—many of them truly transformative.

Over the past eleven years, India has witnessed a sharp decline in multidimensional poverty, with over 250 million people lifted out of poverty through targeted schemes and improved last-mile delivery. Welfare delivery was revolutionized by the Direct Benefit Transfer system powered by the Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) trinity, while flagship programs like Ujjwala Yojana empowered women by providing over 90 million free LPG connections. The Swachh Bharat Mission transformed sanitation, taking rural toilet coverage from about 40% in 2014 to near-universal coverage, and Ayushman Bharat has become the world’s largest government-funded health insurance scheme, covering over 500 million people. Under the Housing for All initiative, millions of affordable homes were built, while the ambitious Goods and Services Tax (GST) unified India’s market and simplified taxation.

Landmark reforms like the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code improved ease of doing business and strengthened creditor rights, while Make in India and Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes spurred domestic manufacturing and FDI, with particular gains in sectors like electronics, defence, and automobiles. Startup India and Standup India energized India’s entrepreneurial ecosystem, and the Digital India initiative expanded broadband connectivity and mainstreamed digital payments. Infrastructure development surged with record highway construction, airport and rail modernization, and programs like Bharatmala, Sagarmala and UDAN enhancing connectivity. Nearly universal household electrification was achieved under the Saubhagya scheme, and financial inclusion deepened with over 500 million Jan Dhan bank accounts. Labour law reform streamlined 29 laws into 4 simplified codes, and targeted social empowerment schemes advanced women’s welfare, skill development, and strengthened protections for SC/ST communities—together creating a more inclusive and resilient economy. Tap water in every household and roof top solar are initiatives aimed at providing every household access to potable water and providing free electricity to 1 crore households by installing solar panels on their roofs and offering subsidies.

While these achievements and initiatives have been summarized in just two paragraphs, the dedication, resolve, and leadership that made them possible cannot be captured in words. While we must admit India did make steady progress over the past seven decades, including its historic achievement of nuclear status, but the last eleven years have been marked by an accelerated, determined effort to build a stronger, more self-reliant India—an India with the confidence to shape its own destiny and take its rightful place on the global stage, and in space.

Yet, for all this progress, two critical frontiers remain: Raising Education Standards and India’s defence preparedness.

it is critical that India now places even greater focus on strengthening its education system. To truly harness the potential of its young and aspirational population, standards of education must improve across all levels—from primary schooling to higher education and skills training—so that India’s demographic dividend becomes its greatest strength in the decades to come.

Further, as India aspires to play a larger global role, it must complement its economic rise with robust national security capabilities. Defence indigenization is no longer an option; it is a strategic necessity. India must build a self-reliant defence ecosystem capable of equipping and sustaining its military in a complex and volatile geopolitical environment.

Particularly urgent is the need to strengthen the Indian Air Force and Navy—the two arms critical for safeguarding India’s strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific and beyond. In this context, the induction of the advanced version of the indigenous Tejas fighter aircraft should be treated as an absolute national priority. The Tejas program, while a symbol of India’s engineering and technological ambition, has faced significant delays, and these must now be overcome decisively. A strong, capable air force equipped with modern indigenous platforms is essential not just for deterrence, but for upholding India’s sovereignty and global standing.

Similarly, India’s Navy—tasked with safeguarding one of the world’s most vital maritime regions—requires rapid modernization and enhanced indigenous capability to meet emerging threats and secure sea lanes.

As India completed eleven years of this journey under Prime Minister Modi, it is clear that the foundations of a New India have been laid. The next phase must involve completing this transformation—ensuring that India’s rise is not only defined by economic growth and social development, but by strategic resilience, technological self-reliance, military strength, and a skilled workforce capable of driving innovation and productivity. An economically strong India is no doubt important, but it is a strong and secure India, with economic muscle, military capability, and a future-ready human capital base, that can truly claim its place as a leading global power.

Suvas Parivar Milan 2025: A Celebration of Togetherness and Nostalgia

 Suvas Parivar Milan 2025: A Celebration of Togetherness and Nostalgia

 

We are just back last week from a family get together of my maternal family members, particularly those members who stayed together at some point of time in ‘Suvas’, a family house in Rajkot. Memories of time spent in this house are many and eternal.

The year 2025 marks a special occasion for the families who once shared a unique bond under the roof of Suvas, an abode that transcended being a mere dwelling and became a symbol of unity, love, and cherished memories. Suvas, meaning “fragrance” in English, aptly encapsulated the essence of those who lived there—everyone adding their own vibrant hue to a collective tapestry of harmony and shared experiences.

A Home, Not Just a House

Suvas was more than bricks and mortar; it was a sanctuary of togetherness, where relationships blossomed, laughter echoed in every corner, and values were nurtured. Over the years, Suvas became synonymous with a way of life—a fragrant essence that united families, forged lifelong friendships, and created countless memories.

At different times, families found themselves calling Suvas their home. Despite the inevitable changes in their individual journeys, one thing remained constant: the indelible mark Suvas left on their hearts.

The Spirit of Milan (Reunion)

Suvas Parivar Milan 2025 was not merely a gathering but a heartfelt tribute to the bonds formed under its roof. It was a time to rekindle connections, relive moments of shared joy, and celebrate the legacy of Suvas. The reunion provided opportunity for all generations—those who lived in Suvas as children, parents, or grandparents—to come together and honor the values that the home symbolized.

This gathering also represented the continuity of shared dreams and aspirations, reminding everyone of the collective strength that arises when individuals come together as a family. It is a chance to revisit the cherished traditions, savor the flavors of meals once shared, and listen to the stories that shaped their shared identity.

A Fragrance That Lingers

The beauty of Suvas lies in its ability to evoke the sweetest memories, much like a lingering fragrance that stays long after its source is gone. Suvas Parivar Milan seeks to capture and amplify that essence, allowing its participants to take a step back in time while looking forward to new beginnings.

 

        Through interactive sessions, shared meals, and moments of reflection, the reunion ensured that the bonds forged in Suvas remain strong and vibrant. It is not just about the past but also about strengthening connections for the future, ensuring that the fragrance of Suvas continues to inspire generations to come.

Bringing Family Closer: A Milestone of Suvas Parivar Milan 2025

One of the most beautiful outcomes of Suvas Parivar Milan 2025 was the opportunity it provided for family members to meet and connect with relatives we had never met before. It is not often that life grants us such a meaningful chance to bridge gaps created by time, distance, and circumstance, but this Milan did just that—bringing together generations and branches of the family tree into one thriving, vibrant gathering.

        Faces that were once familiar only through stories or photographs came alive in the warmth of personal interaction. Strangers by time became kin through conversations filled with laughter, shared memories, and new bonds forged in the spirit of togetherness.

        The reunion allowed us to rediscover our family’s incredible diversity and strength. It reminded us that despite our differences in location, lifestyle, or generation, we are all connected by a shared heritage and the enduring essence of Suvas—a place that once united us physically and now does so emotionally.

A Stress Buster

In the hustle and bustle of our daily lives, moments of pure joy and relaxation are rare and precious. Suvas Parivar Milan 2025 proved to be a much-needed stress buster, offering everyone a chance to step away from their routine pressures and immerse themselves in an atmosphere of warmth, laughter, and togetherness.

        Such gatherings are a powerful reminder that family is one of life’s greatest sources of comfort and strength. They help us let go of stress, embrace the present, and find solace in the connections that truly matter. Suvas Parivar Milan 2025 was not just a reunion—it was a celebration of life, love, and the healing power of togetherness.

Icing on the Cake: A book on life of Our Beloved Bina Masi

As if the joy of Suvas Parivar Milan 2025 was not already fulfilling enough, the unveiling of the book on the life of our beloved Bina Masi added a heartfelt and deeply meaningful touch to the celebration—a true icing on the cake.

        This book is more than just a collection of stories; it is a living tribute to a woman who has touched so many lives with her wisdom, kindness, and unwavering love. Through its pages, we revisited the journey of a life well-lived—a life dedicated to family, compassion, and strength. The anecdotes, milestones, and reflections captured in the book serve not only as a chronicle of her life but also as a treasure trove of lessons and inspiration for generations to come.

        Thank you, Shilpa, Ashit, Sonali and Pratik for sharing the stories of the life our beloved Bina Masi. It is truly the jewel of this unforgettable Milan. Bina Masi’s legacy will continue to inspire us, just as her love always has.

A Heartfelt Thank You

As we reflect on the beautiful memories created at Suvas Parivar Milan 2025, we are filled with immense gratitude for those whose hard work, dedication, and meticulous planning turned this gathering into an unforgettable celebration.

    To the individuals and teams who spent countless hours arranging the logistics, coordinating travel plans, and orchestrating every detail—your efforts brought together not just people but hearts, making this event a true testament to the spirit of Suvas.

        Thanks to each one in organizing team – your vision and commitment, the reunion was alive with music, fun, laughter, and nostalgia, creating an atmosphere where cherished moments of the past intertwined seamlessly with the joy of the present. The sight of four generations coming together, from the youngest toddlers to the wisest elders, was nothing short of magical.

        We also extend our gratitude to those who traveled from lands far away to be part of this special gathering. Your presence added to the warmth and beauty of the occasion, making it a truly global celebration of love and togetherness.

        Suvas Parivar Milan 2025 will forever remain etched in our hearts as a reminder of the strength and beauty of family bonds, the power of shared memories, and the joy of coming home to the essence of Suvas—our fragrant haven of unity.

        Thank you for making it all possible.

Our only regret

        Our only regret was absence of Rajesh Mama, the architect and soul of Suvas Parivar Milan.  Though he could not join us physically, his presence was felt in every moment, every laugh and every cherished connection.  Thank you mama for being guiding spirit behind this movement.  

Till we meet again

As we have gone back to our respective mundane life, it is this hope for the future—a future where we will come together once more, to celebrate, reconnect, and create new memories—that will keep us going. That is the magical healing power of Suvas Parivar Milan. The bonds forged during this Milan will only grow stronger with time, and the prospect of meeting again, sharing stories, and celebrating our shared legacy will be the beacon that keeps us looking forward.

        Until then, we carry the fragrance of Suvas in our hearts, cherishing the moments we shared and eagerly counting the days until we meet again.

Here is to the next Milan and the joy it promises to bring!

Sanjay Deepa Rashi Patanjali